Many electrical neurostimulation therapies target the brain and spinal cord -- the root of the nervous system -- to deliver pain relief or restore function. Peripheral nerve stimulation, meanwhile, targets electrical impulses elsewhere in the body, such as the limbs.

Neuromodulation using medication works by delivering an antispastic or pain relief agent directly to a target site through a catheter and pump, minimizing the dose needed and potential side effects.

To find definitions of neuromodulation therapies, see the list below, or click on a letter of the alphabet to jump directly to a section: