The International Neuromodulation Society

Effects of Combined Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation and Brain-Computer Interface on Upper Extremity Motor Function After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

October 19, 2026 - Researchers at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, reviewed randomized trials of non-invasive brain stimulation (tDCS or rTMS) added to brain-computer interface (BCI) training for upper-limb recovery after stroke. Seven trials were included, and the main analysis of five studies (124 participants) favored BCI training alone, a difference driven by the tDCS trials that lost significance when one influential trial was excluded; rTMS showed no significant difference. The authors conclude that current evidence does not demonstrate a clear added benefit of brain stimulation as an adjunct to BCI, citing small samples, variable study quality, and moderate to very low certainty of evidence. (Source: Frontiers in Neurology, open access)

Home Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation With Gamified Cognitive Control Training for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial

October 19, 2026 - A double-masked randomized trial conducted in Germany, Israel, and Latvia tested home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with gamified cognitive control training against sham stimulation plus a control game in 111 adults with major depression. The home protocol proved feasible, but depression scores (MADRS) fell similarly in both groups, with a between-group difference of 0.89 points that was not statistically significant. The authors conclude the findings do not support routine clinical adoption and note the short follow-up and the inability to separate the effects of stimulation from those of training. (Source: JAMA Network Open, open access)

Mayo Clinic Study Finds Measurable Brain Response Within Minutes of Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients With Epilepsy

October 16, 2026 - Researchers at Mayo Clinic used intracranial EEG to examine how deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus changes communication with other brain regions in nine adults with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Measurable changes in brain connectivity appeared within about 18 minutes of stimulation, and conventional periodic and nonperiodic stimulation patterns affected thalamic connections with the frontal lobe differently. The authors suggest these responses could eventually serve as an earlier, objective signal of treatment response, but note that the small sample and the lack of a link to long-term seizure reduction mean prospective validation is needed before clinical use. The work was funded in part by the Neurosurgery Research and Education Foundation. (Source: iScience)

Cardiopulmonary Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Mice

September 21, 2026 - Researchers at the University of Texas at Dallas characterized how vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) of the left versus right cervical vagus nerve affects heart rate and breathing in mice. Stimulation lowered heart and breathing rates in most animals with no difference by sex or stimulated side, and the drop in heart rate was abolished when efferent vagal fibers were cut. The authors suggest the findings support the use of mouse models for studying VNS-related cardiopulmonary effects. (Source: eNeuro, open access)

Simultaneous speech and gesture decoding for multimodal communication in paralysis

September 14, 2026 - A University of California, San Francisco team (Chang lab) reported a brain-computer interface (BCI) in three people with severe paralysis, using an electrode array over the sensorimotor cortex to decode attempted speech and gestures at the same time and animate a digital avatar. Accuracy reached up to 82% when copying gestures alone and 65-70% when gestures and speech were produced together, with conversational accuracy of at least 85% for gestures and 75% for speech. The authors describe the work as a proof of concept and plan to develop a wireless, fully implantable version. (Source: Nature Neuroscience, via NIH Research Matters)

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