Neuromodulation treatments encompass a growing variety of methods that target the brain or nervous system at specific locations in the body, delivering mild electrical stimulation or drugs to relieve pain or restore function. If you would like more information about new techniques under investigation, please see the Research page for listings of clinical trials by category. Some of the more commonly treated conditions and techniques are defined or featured below, part of this site's growing list of descriptions and explanations.

Conditions in which selected patients respond to neuromodulation therapies include:

Neuromodulation therapies using electrical stimulation:

Entries with this mark:  present detailed background information, and have downloadable PDFs

Cerebral (Motor) Cortex Stimulation Closed-Loop Stimulation Cochlear Implants Cortical Stimulation Deep Brain Stimulation  Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Diaphragm (Phrenic) Pacing Gastric Stimulation Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Intestinal Electrical Stimulation Occipital Nerve Stimulation

Percutaneous Sacral Nerve Stimulation Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Pudendal Nerve Stimulation Retinal Stimulation Sacral (Urologic) Nerve Stimulation  Spinal Cord Stimulation Subcutaneous Peripheral Field Stimulation Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Transcranial Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation Vagus (Vagal) Nerve Stimulation

Neuromodulation therapies using targeted drug delivery:

• Baclofen Infusion
  
• Intrathecal/Intraspinal
• Intraventricular

Glossary of definitions:

• Neuromodulation definitions from A to Z